what is alcohol pdf

<> For example, wine is made from the sugar in grapes, beer from the sugar in malted barley (a type of grain), cider from the sugar in apples, vodka from the sugar in potatoes, beets or other … endobj 16 0 obj <> endobj 11 0 obj %�� 3 0 obj What is alcohol? Nearly 14 million people in the United States--1 in every 13 adults--abuse alcohol or are alcoholic. ! And alcohol problems are highest among young adults ages 18-29 and lowest among adults ages … the economy $249 billion in 2010. <> Alcohol, or ethanol, is the intoxicating agent found in beer, wine and liquor. endobj How to use alcohol in a sentence. Some people are more severely affected than others. Alcohol (ethanol or ethyl alcohol) is the ingredient found in beer, wine and spirits that causes drunkenness. [1112,] Unintentional injuries from alcohol use often result from falls, burns, motor vehicle accidents, assaults and drowning. Nearly 14 million people in the United States--1 in every 13 adults--abuse alcohol or are alcoholic. �X�)^A��%BU��`$.��+t&�Q��]0l3:��wN6�q�8/xC�żj'U��!�!o�|�~��,&l�6;e�mo�3�X��猑�^Ʊ�I�(́�m��l�� do so in moderation no one should begin drinking or drink more frequently based on potential health benefits upto i drink a Explanation: The industry does not draw attention to the fact that alcohol alcohol dependent or alcoholics risky sexual behaviors, unintended pregnancies, miscarriage and stillbirth more than 38 million u.s. adults binge drink binge drinkers average 8 drinks per binge if y(i)u choose to drinh. 12 0 obj 9 0 obj Alcohol, or ethanol, is the intoxicating agent found in beer, wine and liquor. Although a person may not be abusing alcohol regularly, they can still experience its short-term effects on the mind and body. But you don’t need a Breathalyzer, a calculator, or a measurement conversion chart to ﬁ gure out what BAL you had last night. It is classed as a depressant, meaning that it slows down vital functions—resulting in slurred speech, unsteady movement, disturbed perceptions and an inability to react quickly. Alcohol is an intoxicating substance. The alcohol functional group is -O-H and its reactions involve cleavage of the O-H bond or the C-O bond — In either case, there can be a subsequent substitution, or an elimination to form a double bond ---Alcohols As Acids — Acidity is the result of the electronegativity of oxygen: The emphasis on vodka and gin simply means that the primary consideration in this publication is the production of pure ethyl alcohol — C2H5OH. The observation that opiates in the poppy plant are pro duced in a chemical reaction called condensation from dopamine and acetaldehyde led to the hypothesis that excessive alcohol consumption 5 0 obj Since the brain, liver and kidneys contain more water than any other organs, they receive the most alcohol. %PDF-1.7 Alcohol is produced by fermentation of yeast, sugars, and starches. Alcohols are organic compounds in which a hydrogen atom of an aliphatic carbon is replaced with a hydroxyl group. endstream endobj startxref Alcohol consumption and alcoholism is made up of the chemical, physical, physiological, and psychological effects that alcohol has on human beings, and the accumulative impact of these effects. As for how it affects the mind, it is best understood as a drug that reduces a person’s ability to think rationally and distorts his or her judgment. Alcohol abuse can have short-term and long-term effects, such as alcohol poisoning, sexual dysfunction, and liver damage. 14 0 obj Just as with any drug, people ask, \"what is alcohol abuse?\" It can be difficult to tell the difference between social drinking, moderate drinking and alcohol abuse, but the alcohol abuse definition comes down to one key point: is drinking causing problems in the person's life? endobj changes the body goes through when a person suddenly stops drinking after prolonged and heavy alcohol use Alcohol is produced by fermentation of yeast, sugars, and starches. Alcohol is a psychoactive substance with dependence-producing properties that has been widely used in many cultures for centuries. Alcohol can also make a medication less effective. '� ��6�FŘ��4z_xA �1��Ϟ��QW��Lo�r�d��jG��b��X(��Y�'�DsK��SK�o��:�-��6�vw��zt�Oʁ-�|�u4�y��QZ��|koP�l��4�,�XT��!Bju��Ϩ�Lm:�"T>ul#��p�%�J�/�z��VA��:�]�Ńd�f�C��:��xm�Yg�YN3�w��x�M2�t��}�t�鍝�m��t��{. Alcoholic beverages are fermented from the sugars in fruits, berries, grains, and such other ingredients as plant saps, tubers, honey, and milk. 8 0 obj Alcoholism is the most severe form of alcohol abuse and involves the inability to manage drinking habits. And alcohol problems are highest among young adults ages 18-29 and lowest among adults ages … Other plants, such as the cactus or sugar cane may be used in liquor production. 15.4: Preparation of Alcohols Last updated; Save as PDF Page ID 22041; Contributors and Attributions; Many of the common laboratory methods for the preparation of alcohols have been discussed in previous post or will be considered later; thus to avoid undue repetition we shall not consider them in detail at this time. 6 0 obj 56 0 obj <>stream The reason behind this request for cooperation was a recognition of the growing role of alcohol in global public health, especially in developing countries, and the … h�b```c``�f`a`��ˀ �@1V ��[ dR��$�e�� "��EH��X$�A�q>�4S�c8�/&C&��L�2�e``l��T՗��ưb+��f�� ߡ It is only during the manufacturing process (when other ingredients are added to the ethanol) that alcoholic drinks begin to vary in taste, smell and … endobj The Effects of Alcohol on Physiological Processes and Biological Development Adolescence is a period of rapid growth and physical change; a central question is whether consuming alcohol during this stage can disrupt development in ways that have long-term consequences. <> endobj Other plants, such as the cactus or sugar cane may be used in liquor production. alcohol, acetaldehyde, rather than the alcohol itself (i.e., ethanol), may have a key role in brain changes produced by chronic alcohol con sumption. STUDY OF ALCOHOL Objectives: After completing this lesson the Officer will have an understanding of the alcohol molecule and its relationship to breath testing. stream Blood Alcohol Level (BAL) is the amount of alcohol present in your blood as you drink. Nearly 90 percent of adults in the United States report that they drank alcohol at some point in their lifetime, and more than half report drinking in the last month.1 Although most people drink in moderation, nearly 40 percent of U.S. 4 0 obj I myself spent 25 years of my life drinking, however I have always been curious and … Alcohol and other drugs reduce the important skills you need to drive safely. 2 0 obj *첔��5r�T�� <> alcohol dependent or alcoholics risky sexual behaviors, unintended pregnancies, miscarriage and stillbirth more than 38 million u.s. adults binge drink binge drinkers average 8 drinks per binge if y(i)u choose to drinh. After completion of the lesson the Officer will understand the effects ethanol has on the human physiology including absorption and elimination. The type of alcohol used in alcoholic beverages, ethanol, derives from fermenting sugar with yeast. 7 0 obj h�bbd``b`:$�@��@�-H0o q�@�r�"A9 ņ n��"^�Q!� W��X��,�@B��P��0�b``��G� 9�R An alcohol is an organic compound with a hydroxyl (OH) functional group on an aliphatic carbon atom. The short-term and long-term effects of … Alcohol use disorder is organized into three categories: mild, moderate and severe. The harmful use of alcohol can also result in harm to other people, such as family members, friends, co-workers and strangers. <> 1 0 obj 13 0 obj Stress relief is another side effect of drinking alcohol. <>/Metadata 477 0 R/ViewerPreferences 478 0 R>> In general, the existing evidence suggests that adolescents rarely exhibit the endobj Alcoholic beverage, any fermented liquor, such as wine, beer, or distilled spirit, that contains ethyl alcohol, or ethanol, as an intoxicating agent. Alcohol is part of our society. They have a sweet odour. of alcohol-related illnesses or injuries. A BAC of .10% means that an individual's blood supply contains one part alcohol for every 1000 parts blood. Alcohol is a tasty drink that is prepared with craftsmanship; the ’natural origin’ of beer counts, wine is particularly beneficial for body and spirit, and with liquor, the age-long tradition guarantees the quality. PDF | On Mar 7, 2013, Wolfgang H. Sommer published Pathophysiology of alcohol addiction | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate Blood Alcohol Level (BAL) is the amount of alcohol present in your blood as you drink. It’s calculated by determining how many milligrams of alcohol are present in 100 milliliters of blood. x��]mo�F�n��C��q�@�Cl'�W�W�P��Ȫ��|V|m��,I�vvɵ. Because OH is the functional group of all alcohols, we often represent alcohols by the general formula ROH, where R is an alkyl group. %%EOF Alcohol Use and Your Health Drinking too much can harm your health. It is also commonly referred to as alcohol use disorder. 0 do so in moderation no one should begin drinking or drink more frequently based on potential health benefits upto i drink a Alcohol definition is - ethanol especially when considered as the intoxicating agent in fermented and distilled liquors. h��WmS�8��d:��l��$�ЖBI[zG��$J�ñ��P�_��IHhm�>� (��j�~�ݵ/��q |-T�Oh}_ ߈�G��@$a�HD~,� For more information, see Harmful Interactions: Mixing Alcohol with … There is a strong scientific consensus that alcohol drinking can cause several types of cancer (1, 2).In its Report on Carcinogens, the National Toxicology Program of the US Department of Health and Human Services lists consumption of alcoholic beverages as a known human carcinogen.. Alcohols may be considered as organic derivatives of water (H2O) in which a hydrogen atom has been replaced by an alkyl group. It’s calculated by determining how many milligrams of alcohol are present in 100 milliliters of blood. x��K�0 �{!��;6��P&vC�t�N��Nu�-]zH��^�9�V�y�=�h��3��0��5a��l|K�uF,k��˪PN��h�7�2hp�`�R��M��,�Ɂ��e�r�+�A��E�]Z��tm8*db��P��P�+tb�P��&��_c��B�,��Q�-�iq�z\�M�{*8�|2_N��͐��v1��%�+F�� In its purest form, alcohol is colourless and has no taste. mU��e�w*�+�&(��p�F��E[V�Q1f+|aE�N�U,_de�Y9�!I��NVQlee�� C��ϩ��BU��4b�KRq�e&��Ɣ?^�� The harmful use of alcohol causes a large disease, social and economic burden in societies. They exhibit a unique set of physical and chemical properties. Ϝ�z��%��g�V �7J��զ�Cڴ��ؿ��؏��5[q� ��p�H�6�a��. them being flavour and alcohol concentration. 1 Fruits such as grapes, and grains like barley and wheat are most commonly used for wine, beer and liquors. New Alcohol: An organic substance formed when a hydroxyl group is substituted for a hydrogen atom in a hydrocarbon. Alcohol is formed when yeast ferments (breaks down without oxygen) the sugars in different food. Since the liver is the only organ capable of breaking the alcohol down, or oxidizing it, the alcohol is retained there and causes more damage Alcohol abuse and alcoholism cut across gender, race, and nationality. People use it to celebrate, socialize, relax, and enhance the enjoyment of meals. <> <> endobj alcohol policy initiatives, and support for technology transfer in the field of substance abuse in general. <>/ExtGState<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> considered to be as the derivatives of water where one among the hydrogen atoms are replaced by alkyl group which is typically represented by the letter R in an organic structure Examples include ethanol, methanol, and isopropyl alcohol. Explanation: The industry does not draw attention to the fact that alcohol [9] Blood and immune system Long-term effects of aLcohoL use Chronic heavy alcohol use can cause abnormalities in the blood, leading to anaemia (low haemoglobin, <> Thus an alcohol molecule consists of two parts; one containing the alkyl group and the other containing functional grouphydroxyl group. The reason behind this request for cooperation was a recognition of the growing role of alcohol in global public health, especially in developing countries, and the … Alcohol consumption and alcoholism is made up of the chemical, physical, physiological, and psychological effects that alcohol has on human beings, and the accumulative impact of these effects. endobj Excessive alcohol use leads to about 88,000 deaths in the United States each year, and shortens the life of those who die by almost 30 years. In California, a person is legally intoxicated if he/she has a BAC of .08% or higher. Alcohol is a drug. stream endobj endobj %PDF-1.6 %�� <>/ExtGState<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92] /Contents 12 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 1>> But you don’t need a Breathalyzer, a calculator, or a measurement conversion chart to ﬁ gure out what BAL you had last night. This is produced through the fermentation of grains, vegetables and fruits, which changes sugars into ethanol[1]. <>/ExtGState<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/Annots[ 15 0 R 20 0 R 26 0 R 38 0 R 45 0 R] /MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92] /Contents 14 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 2>> The book should appeal to two groups of readers: 1) those who live in countries where it is legal to distil alcohol for one's own use, e.g. x��Mk!��x�ZX��uU9d�A��.�PzLBiiz(��u�ZJI$zPD��-&�z�]ϡ�S��^9�J-O�p�)kR�� Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) refers to the percent of alcohol (ethyl alcohol or ethanol) in a person's blood stream. <> Alcohol abuse is the second most common form of substance abuse in the United States, after tobacco addiction. endstream Judgment – Judgment is a brain-centered activity that stores all of your experiences and knowledge so it can be used quickly when you face a new problem. complete, alcohol is distributed in areas of the body in proportion to their fluid/water content. stream endobj 1 Fruits such as grapes, and grains like barley and wheat are most commonly used for wine, beer and liquors. The active ingredient in drinks containing alcohol is ethanol. Most excessive drinkers are not alcohol dependent. 39 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<8A08584980078C48A239A52E2710294B>]/Index[16 41]/Info 15 0 R/Length 103/Prev 217643/Root 17 0 R/Size 57/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream 10 0 obj This poses a huge challenge to those of us who see prevention, not as a universal panacea for “the drug problem” but as one, albeit essential element in our National Drugs Strategy. Mixing alcohol with certain medications can cause nausea, headaches, drowsiness, fainting, a loss of coordination, internal bleeding, heart problems, and difficulties in breathing. I myself spent 25 years of my life drinking, however I have always been curious and … The observation that opiates in the poppy plant are pro duced in a chemical reaction called condensation from dopamine and acetaldehyde led to the hypothesis that excessive alcohol consumption endobj endobj endstream Alcohol is a tasty drink that is prepared with craftsmanship; the ’natural origin’ of beer counts, wine is particularly beneficial for body and spirit, and with liquor, the age-long tradition guarantees the quality. alcohol policy initiatives, and support for technology transfer in the field of substance abuse in general. alcohol – but use large amounts on a regular basis from quite an early age. alcohol, acetaldehyde, rather than the alcohol itself (i.e., ethanol), may have a key role in brain changes produced by chronic alcohol con sumption. Further, excessive drinking cost . 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